Endang Sepdanius, Nurul Diyana Binti Sanuddin, M. Adli Bin Mohd Sidi, Rini Afriani, Mohd Salleh Bin Aman
Background. The SMS does not yet have an Indonesian version, and the Malay language adaptation may be less suitable for participants in Indonesian objectives. Thus, further research is required to ensure its validity in the local context. Methods. The translation and validation process followed three stages. First, two native Indonesian translators translated the text from English to Indonesian. Then, a back translation was done from Indonesian to English. Next, seven experts in psychology and sports from Turkey, Malaysia, and Indonesia validated the instrument. Finally, a pilot test was conducted with 55 high school students to check content, construction, and reliability. There were 19 females and 36 males among the participants, with an average age of 15 years and 7 months. Results. Findings showed that the expert evaluation quantitatively yielded a value of r = 0.96, belonging to the high group. Each item was considered acceptable as the calculated r-value > r table (0.266) for item validity. The intraclass correlation value of 0.96 in the test-retest indicated the reliability of this SMS questionnaire. Conclusion. In conclusion, applying forward and backward translation procedures and cultural adaptation strategies is crucial to successfully adapting the SMS research instrument. The Indonesian version of the SMS can be used by practitioners, teachers, and athletes to obtain precise data. © 2025, Society of Aging and Physical Activity (SAPA). All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia
