Santiago Criollo-C, Jose Cerezo, Andrea Guerrero-Arias, Agariadne Dwinggo Samala, Soha Rawas, Sergio Lujan-Mora
In the above article [1], references [34], [50], and [51] were retracted. As thework in these references is no longer reliable, we have removed them from the list of references. It is not necessary to replace the retracted references. The retraction of references 34, 50, and 51 does not affect the data, analysis, or conclusions of the article. © 2025 The Authors.
Universidad de Las Américas, Carrera de Ingeniería en Ciberseguridad, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador; Jezreel International Christian Academy, Quito, 170520, Ecuador; Universitas Negeri Padang, Faculty of Engineering, Padang, 25132, Indonesia; Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Science, Beirut, 115020, Lebanon; University of Alicante, Department of Software and Computing Systems, Alicante, 03690, Spain
