Sefri Hardiansyah, Nurlan Kusmaedi, Amung Ma’mun, Herman Subarjah
Background. Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are needed in the 21st century, especially when students have entered the workforce. With HOTS, students can analyze, evaluate, solve problems, and generate new ideas. Therefore, lecturers need to help develop HOTS in students, one of which is through badminton lectures. Objectives. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the integrated learning model (ILM) compared to the direct instruction (DI) model in developing students' HOTS in badminton lectures. Methods. This study used a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Using purposive sampling, the sample in this study amounted to 37 people. This study used HOTS instruments consisting of 15 questions. Results. The study results obtained tcount 2.062 > ttable 2.032; therefore, the influence given by ILM and DI was significantly different. Conclusion. The integrated learning model has a better effect than the direct instruction model in increasing the HOTS of physical education students. © 2025, Society of Aging and Physical Activity (SAPA). All rights reserved.
Sports Education Department, Sport Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; Sports Science Department, Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
