Muhamad Sazeli Rifki, Alnedral, Hermanzoni, Liza, Ariando Arizton, Raudhatul Hanifah, Ilham, Vlad Adrian Geantă
Background. Existing tools are not specific enough to assess young children's volleyball movement, and therefore, new tools targeting the early development stages are still needed. Objectives. This study aims to create a valid, reliable instrument for determining children's volleyball movements by their dominance in movement patterns. Methods. The research followed a development approach structured into four stages: A preliminary study, expert validation, acceptance testing, and utility testing. Volleyball experts, sports talent specialists, and coaches validated the product against suitability, accuracy, usability, and practicality. Acceptance testing applied the instrument to participants, and utility testing employed a retest method to evaluate reliability. Participants included 95 boys and 55 girls, all sixth-grade students aged 12 or younger. Results. Validation scores were 98 % from volleyball experts, 98 % from sports talent experts, and 97 % from coaches. Acceptance testing recommended 11 percent of boys and 24 percent of girls in the first test, with slight increases in the second. Reliability was 0.95 for boys and 0.98 for girls. Conclusion: This instrument aids educators and coaches in identifying children’s kinesthetic abilities for volleyball. © 2025, Society of Aging and Physical Activity (SAPA). All rights reserved.
Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania
