Rosly Yusoff, Norhazira Abdul Rahim, Mohd Hafizuddin Baki, Eko Purnomo
Background. The use of doping among Malaysian athletes has become a worrying issue in the sports industry. Doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing substances or methods to gain an unfair advantage. Objectives. This study aimed to design a self-assessment instrument for doping knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the country's youth athletes. Methods. The Fuzzy Delphi method was used in this research phase with five Likert scales. This study aimed to develop a self-assessment instrument capable of assessing the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of national youth athletes related to doping according to expert consensus. Therefore, the researcher obtained the consensus of 11 experts from various fields, especially sports organizations and sports coaching. This questionnaire has 22 items involving three constructs, namely (i) knowledge, (ii) attitude, and (iii) practice. Each item's ranking (ranking) is determined using the Defuzzification Process. Results. The findings of this study show expert consensus on all items in the primary construct. The findings of this study show that 21 out of 22 items were accepted and passed the three Fuzzy conditions, namely the threshold value (d) not exceeding or equal to 0.2, the percentage of expert agreement exceeding or equal to 75%, and the Defuzzification value (alpha cut) exceeding or equal to 0.5. Conclusion. Developing a self-assessment instrument can provide a new way to measure adolescent athletes' knowledge, attitudes, and doping practices. © 2025, Society of Aging and Physical Activity (SAPA). All rights reserved.
Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia; Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
