Parminder Singh, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Roopashree R, Mandeep Kaur, Manish Srivastava, Amit Barwal, G. V. Siva Rajput, Pranchal Rajput, Rukshar Syed, Gajendra Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Muhammed Shabil, Sakshi Pandey, Manvinder Brar, Ganesh Bushi, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, Khang Wen Goh, Prakasini Satapathy, Abhay M. Gaidhane, Shailesh Kumar Samal
Advancements in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are ushering in a new era in oncology, targeting unique genetic alterations within tumors to enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Neoantigens, specific to cancer cells and absent in normal tissues, are at the heart of these vaccines, promising to direct the immune system specifically against the tumor, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. The identification of neoantigens through genomic and proteomic technologies is central to developing these vaccines, allowing for the precise mapping of a tumor’s mutational landscape. Despite advancements, accurately predicting which neoantigens will elicit strong immune responses remains challenging due to tumor variability and the complexity of immune system interactions. This necessitates further refinement of bioinformatics tools and predictive models. Moreover, the efficacy of these vaccines heavily depends on innovative delivery methods that enhance neoantigen presentation to the immune system. Techniques like encapsulating neoantigens in lipid nanoparticles and using viral vectors are critical for improving vaccine stability and delivery. Additionally, these vaccines contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, promoting universal health coverage by advancing access to safe and effective cancer treatments. This review delves into the potential of neoantigen-based vaccines to transform cancer treatment, examining both revolutionary advancements and the ongoing challenges they face. Copyright © 2025 Singh, Khatib, R, Kaur, Srivastava, Barwal, Rajput, Rajput, Syed, Sharma, Kumar, Shabil, Pandey, Brar, Bushi, Mehta, Sah, Goh, Satapathy, Gaidhane and Samal.
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Department of Endocrinology, NIMS University, Jaipur, India; Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of College, Punjab, Mohali, India; Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, India; School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India; IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India; New Delhi Institute of Management, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi, India; Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India; Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, India; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India; Clinical Microbiology, RDC, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Haryana, Faridabad, India; Department of Paediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Maharashtra, Pimpri, Pune, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Maharashtra, Pimpri, Pune, India; Department of Medicine, Korea Universtiy, Seoul, South Korea; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, India; Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hillah, Iraq; Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India; Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
