Maizul Rahmizal, Achmad Rifa’i, Rodhiah Umaroh
Despite many studies on factors affecting individual happiness, the relationship is still unquestionable. By employing panel data sources from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) Wave 4 (2007) and Wave 5 (2014), we investigate the effect of income, education, health, social capital, and religiosity as well as individual characteristics and demographics on individual happiness in Indonesia. Several interesting findings from the random effects ordered probit estimations are as follows; income, education, and health strongly encourage individual happiness. Social capital, such as safety and participation in general elections, can provide more happiness. People in urban areas are happier when participating in religious activities. Worship obedience can enhance individual happiness. Age has a U-shaped relationship to happiness, the male gender has lower happiness than the female, and people who are married, live in urban areas, and are outside Java Island have higher happiness than others. © Author(s).
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Padang, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia 25171.; Directorate of Macro Planning and Statistical Analysis, Jakarta, Indonesia; Learning-Up Institute, Lampung, Indonesia; Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Sleman, Indonesia
