Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Akther Uddin, Faik Bilgili, Samiha Binte Tariq
We investigate the interconnectedness among categorical global geopolitical risk, financial stress indices for advanced and emerging markets, global economic conditions, oil and gold market uncertainty, and financial stress in South and Southeast Asian economies and explore the impact of global factors on their connectedness, employing the time-frequency time-varying parameter vector autoregressive connectivity method and monthly data from January 2008 to June 2022. Our results reveal a large degree of interconnectedness and interdependence, where short-term connectedness dominates long-term connectedness. Furthermore, geopolitical risks, global economic conditions, and financial stress in South and Southeast Asian countries are net shock receivers, while financial stress indices for advanced and emerging markets, along with oil and gold market uncertainty, are net shock transmitters. A few factors exhibit risk transmission changes in both the short and long runs. Additionally, Asian economies’ financial stress is a net shock receiver of global uncertainty factors across spectral frequencies. In addition, economic policy uncertainty and global FSI external influence spillover, whereas VIX and climate policy uncertainty have no impact on spillover. These empirical findings have implications for financial institutions and policymakers. © 2026 The Authors.
BRAC Business School, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh; Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; East Delta University, Chattogram, 4209, Bangladesh; Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey; College of Business and Analytics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901, IL, United States
