Ehab M. Ali, Anwar Iqbal, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Mustafa A. Alheety, Naser M. Ahmed, Dede Heri Yuli Yanto, Rahadian Zainul
Magnetised attapulgite (ATP-Fe3O4) adsorbent was synthesised using a sonochemistry approach for the solid phase extraction of As3+ from stimulated and unrefined crude oil samples. The average size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles estimated from the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image was 10 nm. The TEM analysis also showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles agglomerated in the ATP’s tube and on its surface. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicates that the crystallinity of the ATP reduced after the magnetisation process. The saturation magnetisation of the ATP-Fe3O4 was determined to be only 2.8 emu g-1. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7, adsorbent dosage = 0.6 g, contact time = 90 min and sample volume = 50 mL), the As3+ removal was more than 98% for both types of oil. The limits of detection (LOD) and relative standard deviations (RSD%) were 2.88 ng mL-1 and 0.3423%, respectively. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9696) and adheres to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9925). The reusability study showed that ATP-Fe3O4 is highly stable and can be reused five times with almost 100% removal efficiency. This research outcome aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Samarra University, Samarra, Iraq; Department of Nursing, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq; School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Marine Biomaterials, Jatinagor, 45360, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Padang, Indonesia; Centre for Energy and Power Electronics Research, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatra, Padang, Indonesia
