Eny Yulianti, Nanang Qazim, Anton Prasetyo, Siska Ela Kartika, Muhajidin Ahmad, Rahadian Zainul, Azril, Herland Satriawan, Ahmad Zikri, Mohammad Abdullah
Corn stalk can be used as a potential adsorbent because of its abundance, cost-effectiveness, and accessible functional groups that allow chemical modifications. This study aims to synthesize cellulose xanthate alginate beads (ACX beads) from corn stalks to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions. ACX beads with various doses of porogen CaCO3 were printed using the ionic gelation method, and then characterized using FTIR, optical microscopy, and SEM-EDX. The results of the FTIR analysis reported changes in the C-S, C=S, and S-C-S vibrations that indicated the xanthate formation. Furthermore, as the porogen dose increased, the OH intensity decreased. The high intensity of the OH group results in a high swelling process. The results of the optical microscopy analysis showed that the porogen made the ACX beads spherical. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the higher the porogen dose, the rougher the surface morphology of the ACX beads and the larger the pore diameter. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained on ACX beads without porogen with a contact time of 360 hours. The study reveals that the kinetic adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model proposed chemical adsorption. The larger the porogen, the more crosslinks between the divalent cations and alginate or cellulose that are formed, inhibiting the bond between the ACX beads and water and methylene blue, thereby reducing the swelling process and the adsorption capacity of the ACX beads. In addition, the pore size that is too large does not match the size of the methylene blue molecule. © 2024 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, 65144, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, 65144, Indonesia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16850, Turkey; Chemical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, Bandar Seri Alam, Masai, Pasir Gudang, Johor, Johor Bahru, 81750, Malaysia
