Dieter Rahmadiawan, Hairul Abral, Ilham Chayri Iby, Hyun-Joong Kim, Kwang-Hyun Ryu, Ho-Wook Kwack, Muhammad Razan Railis, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, Dian Handayani, Khiky Dwinatrana, Shih-Chen Shi, Rahadian Zainul, Rahmat Azis Nabawi
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. During the first round of revision 4 authors were added to the paper. This was approved by the journal at the time. However, during the second round of revision two more authors were added to the paper. These changes were made without explanation, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The Editor reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these changes. In light of this, the Editor has determined that the authorship cannot be relied upon and has lost confidence in the integrity and findings of the article and has determined it should be retracted. The authors disagree with the retraction and dispute the grounds for it. © 2025 .
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatera, Padang, 25173, Indonesia; Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, West Sumatera, Padang, 25163, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, West Sumatera, Padang, 25163, Indonesia; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Engineering Management, Batam Institute of Technology, Batam, 29425, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, West Java, 16911, Indonesia; Laboratory of Sumatran Biota, Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, West Sumatera, Padang, 25163, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, West Sumatera, 25171, Indonesia
