Khairuddin, Alnedral, Anton Komaini, Syharastani, Masrun
Physical fitness is important for students to achieve optimal learning outcomes and better life quality. Moreover, low physical fitness usually causes less focus and lack of enthusiasm in the learning process, there by leading to low learning outcomes. This is the reason the teachers need to understand the character or motor skills of each student and master several effective learning approaches. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and prove the effect of learning approaches in Physical Education and motor skills on the physical fitness of elementary school students. This involved using command-based and task-based learning approaches while the motor skills were classified as high and low. An experiment was conducted using a two-way factorial ANOVA design with a total of 64 male students in the state elementary school number 10, Padang city, Indonesia selected randomly used as the sample. This sample was divided into 4 treatment groups based on the learning approaches and motor skills levels, while data were collected based on the development of several existing test instruments. Physical fitness consists of body composition, hand muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance components while motor skills consist of balance, speed, agility, leg muscle explosive power, and accuracy components. Data were further analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey follow-up test. The results showed that the task-based learning approach has a better effect than the command-based on students physical fitness outcomes (mean, 238.94 > 235.25). Moreover, the interaction between learning approaches and motor skills was also found to have a significant influence (F-count 30.65 > F-table 4.00). It was also observed that it is better to provide students having high motor skills with a task-based learning approach instead of a command-based to achieve the desired outcomes (mean, 251.31 > 240.19). Meanwhile, students with low motor skills provided with command-based learning have better outcome compared to the task-based approach (mean, 230.31 > 226.58). This simply means students with high motor skills require task-based learning while those with low motor skills need a command-based learning approach. Therefore, this study is expected to be useful for Physical Education teachers to master effective learning approaches by considering students motor skills in order to improve their physical fitness. © 2022, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.
Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Department of Sport Coaching, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Department of Health & Recreation, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
