Refky Adi Nata, Gaofeng Ren, Ardhymanto Am Tanjung, Fadhilah Fadhilah, Verra Syahmer
Underground mining is a mining method in which all activities are carried out below the earth’s surface. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of rock mass in the tunnel in terms of the physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of the rock, as well as observe the influence of coal pick hammer vibration on the stability of the tunnel, and determine supporting recommendations in tunnel 9. The 2D numerical analysis was conducted using Phase2 Software Version 6.024 and the finite element method. The Pundit Test for the coal sample with R2 = 0.9023 is obtained. The correlation P-wave with index strength got R2 = 0.8977. For the correlation between P-wave and Schmidt Hammer Rebound Number got R2 = 0.9699. Support recommendation for the AICJ-09 Tunnel with “Q” values of 1.8 and 1.6, belongs to the poor rock class. Microtremor measurement got the highest vibration value occurred at station 11, where 2 high vibration values were found, namely 0.159 m/s2 and 0.261 m/s2. This happens because the vibration of the coal pick increases. After all, it is influenced by coal transportation activities, and there are also additional vibrations originating from the compressor machine working around station 11. Vibration causes a decrease in the value of the tunnel safety factor. The analysis’s findings showed that the value of the safety factor had decreased. However, the safety factor is still considered safe against tunnels. Where the standard tunnel safety factor of 1 is said to be a stable tunnel. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei Province, China; Politeknik ATI Padang, Padang, Indonesia
