John R. Baker, Wisma Yunita, Arono, Dedi Jasrial
Grammar learning strategies play a vital role in second language acquisition, yet few tools exist to measure them comprehensively and cross-culturally. The Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory (GLSI), originally developed in Poland, was designed to assess the grammar learning strategies used by language learners. However, the applicability and validity of this instrument across various cultural and educational settings remain underexplored, limiting its generalizability to diverse learner populations. In this paper, we aim to validate the GLSI in the Indonesian context, where English is taught as a foreign language in formal education. For our instrument, we administered an 11-item Likert scale to 1,079 undergraduate non-English majors across multiple academic disciplines to ensure a diverse sample. Using a split data design and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we then confirmed the underlying structure of the original instrument. This resulted in a more concise 25-item instrument model, characterized by goodness of fit, strong internal consistency, and practical interpretability. Our findings demonstrate the GLSI’s potential relevance for broader international use. However, we also suggest further validation of the GLSI across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, as well as methodological improvements to enhance the instrument’s reliability and practical utility in second-language research. © 2026 Editorial Board English Scholarship Beyond Borders. All rights reserved.
Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Viet Nam; English Education Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia; Indonesian Education Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia; Language Pedagogy, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
