Afdal, Neviyarni, Miftahul Fikri
Smartphone addiction is a global problem, especially among adolescents, and it is closely related to problematic behaviors. However, the dynamic psychological conditions and underlying mechanisms between smartphone addiction and psychological conditions have rarely been studied before. Based on the Smartphone Addiction theory and the psychological symptom hypothesis, this study investigated the psychological conditions that arise from smartphone addiction. This study adopted a longitudinal design at the trait level. This study revealed that smartphone addiction at time phase 1 did not significantly predict internalized or externalized psychological conditions at time phase 2. These findings not only improve our understanding of the harms of smartphone addiction and internalized/externalized psychological symptoms, but also offer valuable theoretical insights for developing future preventive measures and interventions aimed at addressing problematic behaviors among adolescents, especially the problem of unwise smartphone use. © 2026 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
