Yulkifli, Alwi Nofriandi, Norhayati Hashim, Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif, Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid, Alizar, Suyanta, Novesar Jamarun, Asih Widi Wisudawati, Yenni Darvina, Washilla Audia, Suyono, Illyas Md Isa
This study reports the fabrication of a ferrocenium dibromostannate(II) (FBS)-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode for the electrochemical detection of cadmium ions (Cd(II)). The composite material was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical analyses including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronocoulometry demonstrated enhanced performance at an optimal FBS loading of 10 % (w/w). Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the developed sensor achieved a detection limit of 0.41 nM across a linear concentration range of 10 nM to 1 µM, along with excellent stability (relative standard deviation, RSD = 4.17 %) and repeatability (RSD = 3.87 %). Real sample analyses yielded recoveries of 98–109 %, confirming the reliability and sensitivity of the sensor for Cd(II) detection in environmental monitoring applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25132 Air Tawar, Padang, Indonesia; Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25132 Air Tawar, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25132 Air Tawar, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 55281 Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Universitas Andalas, 25163 Limau Manis, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Jl. Marsda Adisucipto, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60213, Indonesia
