Hera Hastuti, Tri Zahra Ningsih, Tri Lestari, Loso Judijanto, Surya Aymanda Nababan
This study addresses the lack of valid instruments to measure students’ skills in identifying change and continuity in history learning, a key dimension of historical thinking. Employing a quantitative research and development design, the study involved 317 high school students in Padang, Indonesia. A 20-item assessment instrument was developed and validated using expert review, Aiken’s V analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results demonstrated strong content validity, excellent model fit indices (GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.067), and satisfactory reliability across dimensions. The instrument provides a significant contribution to advancing assessment practices in history education. © 2025, Adam Marszalek Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Department of History Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Air Tawar, West Sumatra, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Educational Research and Evaluation Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No. 1, Yogyakarta, Sleman, Indonesia; Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, West Java, Bandung, Indonesia; IPOSS Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
