Rahadian Zainul, Ali Basem, Mohamad J. Alfaker, Pawan Sharma, Abhishek Kumar, Mohammed Al-Bahrani, A. Elawady, Mohamed Abbas, Hadi Fooladi, Shatrudhan Pandey
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team discovered substantial changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. During revision, nine authors were added to the revised paper without adequate explanation. Some of these authors also have suspicious author affiliations/areas of research that do not appear to reflect the subject area of this article. Additionally, it was discovered that eight citations were added to this paper which are not relevant to the topic of the paper. The journal reached out to the authors for an explanation and evidence of their contributions to the study and the relevance of certain references, but they failed to provide a satisfactory response. The Editor has determined that the authorship and the findings of the article cannot be relied upon, and has decided to retract the article. The authors have not responded to the retraction notice. © 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysics Informatics (CAMPBIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560069, India; Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303012, India; School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Uttar Pradesh, Gangoh, 247341, India; Department of Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Jharkhand, Jamshedpur, 831001, India; Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq; Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India; India; Research Fellow, INTI International University, Negeri Sembilan, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia; Fellow, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
