Dieter Rahmadiawan, Zahrul Fuadi, Wanda Afnison, Anna Niska Fauza, Shih-Chen Shi, Imtiaz Ali Laghari, Ahmad Zikri, Bulkia Rahim
This research investigates the tribological properties of an MXene/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) water-based nanofluid as a high-performance and environmentally sustainable automotive coolant. The study examines the nanofluid's tribological characteristics and wear morphology under high-temperature conditions. The nanofluid was prepared by mixing MXene powder with water and then sonicated. CMC was also added to enhance viscosity. The pinon-disk tribometer was employed to investigate the friction coefficients (CoF) at high temperatures by using a heater and 10 N normal load. The disks were placed in a reservoir filled with nanofluid. As soon as the temperature reached 65°C, the tribological test was conducted for a total of 25 minutes at a sliding velocity of 0.2 m/s. The results of this study show that the addition of MXene and CMC provides low COF even at high temperatures. Moreover, from the wear morphology, the high stability of the MXene/CMC nanofluid could prevent the disk from corroding and result in minimal damage. These results have promising implications for the potential use of MXene/CMC nanofluid as an advanced automotive coolant, offering good tribological performance at high temperatures, which are essential qualities for modern, sustainable automotive coolants. © 2025 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Sumatera Barat, Padang, 25173, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Campus Larkana, Sindh, 67480, Pakistan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, 16850, Türkiye
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