Melti Roza Adry, Akhmad Fauzi, Bambang Juanda, Andrea Emma Pravitasari
Indonesia experiences some of the world’s highest seismic activity, making earthquakes a major source of physical, economic, and social losses. To better quantify these impacts, this study proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework with two new metrics: the Seismic Severity Index (SSI) and the Seismic Impact Index (SII). The indices are derived using four weighting methods—Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), Equal Weights, the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC)—and applied to 28 regencies and municipalities affected by damaging earthquakes from 2016 to 2022. Results show that the 2018 earthquake, intensified by a tsunami and liquefaction, caused the most severe losses. Palu Municipality and Donggala Regency consistently recorded high SSI values across all weighting schemes. The SII further identifies Sigi Regency, Donggala Regency, and Palu Municipality as the most heavily impacted areas, although rankings varied by method. Overall, Sigi Regency, Palu City, Donggala Regency, North Lombok, West Lombok and Cianjur exhibit the highest combined severity and impact, while Garut, Ciamis, and Cilacap experienced relatively minor effects. The study concludes that integrating GRA with EWM and CRITIC yields a robust earthquake loss index to support future disaster risk reduction policies. © 2026 by the authors.
Rural and Regional Development Planning Science, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, 25132, Indonesia; Regional Development Planning Division, Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jalan Meranti Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; Center for Regional Systems Analysis, Planning and Development (CRESPENT/P4W), IPB University, Jl. Pajajaran, Baranangsiang Campus, Bogor, 16144, Indonesia
