Rahadian Zainul, Karna Wijaya, Niko Prasetyo, Nur Abdillah Siddiq, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya, Tarek A. Elkhooly, Shafique Ahmed, Khang Wen Goh
This research thoroughly explores recent advancements in developing hybrid carbon nanotube composite electrochemical sensors designed for the simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA). The hybrid composite is created by ultrasonically assembling hydroxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-OH) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). The structure of the composite is verified through characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The glassy carbon electrode modified with the SWCNT-OH/MWCNT-COOH composite (SWCNT-OH/MWCNT-COOH/GCE) is tested for electrochemical performance using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results demonstrate low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.37 μM for DA and 0.61 μM for UA under ideal laboratory conditions, with linear calibration curves for concentrations ranging from 2 to 150 μM, highlighting its high sensitivity and selectivity. In complex samples such as bovine serum, recoveries range from 96.18% to 105.02%. The slight overestimation in recoveries exceeding 100% could be attributed to matrix effects in the complex serum samples, potentially leading to enhanced signal responses. The sensor's performance in these conditions demonstrates its practicality for real-world applications. The proposed sensor exhibits excellent antiinterference capability, stability, repeatability, and selectivity, emphasizing its potential as an effective tool for the simultaneous measurement of DA and UA. This study's approach not only advances electrochemical sensing technologies but also holds significant potential for real-world diagnostics and environmental monitoring, offering a valuable tool for accurate biomarker detection. © 2025 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysics Informatics (CAMPBIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia; INTI International University, Negeri Sembilan, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia; Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Rd, Al Hafir WA Al Amal, Al Satamoni, Dakahlia Governorate, 7730103, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
