Siti Zulaikah, Hamdi Rifai, Iis Nurhasanah, Aditya Pratama, Nordiana Mohd Muztaza, Hanif Izzuddin Zakly, Muhammad Fathur Rouf Hasan
Rare earth elements (REEs) are element that has valuable potential as a raw material for modern industry. This research aims to determine the REE content of volcanic material using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. This research uses 13 samples of volcanic material from Mount Semeru. The measurement data were then statistically analyzed, which can be used as proxy indicators of the presence of REE in Semeru’s volcanic material. The results show the dominant REE contents are, on average, La (31.83 ppm), Ce (24.81 ppm), Gd (15.42 ppm), Pr (10.12 ppm), Nd (9.14 ppm), Tb (7.58 ppm), Sm (5.16 ppm), Eu (3.78 ppm), Y (1.75 ppm), and Dy (1.75 ppm). The average total REE content is 97.51 ppm. Each REE shows a significant correlation with the others, which means that the existence of one REE can become a clue to the existence of another one. Magnetic susceptibilities range from 340.75 to 2232.63 ×10-8 m3/kg with an average of 1028.71 ×10-8 m3/kg and have a significant correlation with Pr (R = -0.808 with P < 0.01), La (R = -0.650 with P < 0.05), Gd (R = -0.788 with P < 0.01), Nd (R = -0.680 with P < 0.05), Ce (R = -0.740 with P < 0.01), Sm (R = -0.623 with P < 0.05), Tb (R = 0.906 with P < 0.01), total REE (R = -0.741 with P < 0.01), and total LREE (R = -0.740 with P < 0.01). This correlation indicates that magnetic susceptibility can be used as a proxy indicator of existing Pr, La, Gd, Nd, Ce, Sm, Tb, total REE, and total LREE. ©2025 The authors.
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, 25131, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Research Center for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia; School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
